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    • ▾Algebra 1
      • ▸Solving equations and inequalities
        • •Solving literal linear equations
        • •Solving and graphing multi-step inequalities in one-variable
        • •Solving and graphing compound linear inequalities
        • •Evaluating infinite series
      • ▸Working with units
        • •Rate conversion
        • •Word problems with multiple units
      • ▸Linear equations and graphs
        • •Intercepts from a graph
        • •Intercepts of a linear function from a table
        • •Solving for a variable given a linear equation in standard form
      • ▸Forms of linear equations
        • •Point-slope form
        • •Two point form
        • •Standard form for linear equations
        • •Intercepts from an equation
      • ▸Inequalities and systems of inequalities
        • •Graphing linear inequalities in two variables
        • •Graphing systems of linear inequalities in two variables
      • ▸Functions (algebra 1)
        • •Discrete vs continuous functions
        • •Evaluate a function from its graph
        • •Evaluating expressions with multiple variables
        • •Finding the domain and range of functions from graphs
        • •Interval notation
        • •Intro to multivariable functions
      • ▸Inverse functions (algebra 1)
        • •Determining if a discrete function is invertible
        • •Finding the inverse of discrete and linear functions
      • ▾Arithmetic series
        • •Intro to arithmetic sequences
        • •Find the explicit formula of an arithmetic series given terms
        • •Find the formula of an arithmetic sequence from two terms
        • •Univariate expressions representing consecutive terms
        • •Explicit to recursive formula for arithmetic series
      • ▸Geometric series
        • •Intro to geometric series
        • •Find the explicit formula of a geometric series given terms
        • •Explicit formula from two terms
        • •Expressions representing consecutive terms
      • ▸Absolute value, piecewise, and step functions
        • •Evaluating piecewise functions
        • •Graphs of piecewise functions
        • •Evaluating and graphing the floor function
        • •Solving floor and ceiling equations
        • •Absolute value function under transformations
        • •Solving absolute value equations and inequalities
      • ▸Exponents and radicals
        • •Product property for square roots
        • •Simplifying square root expressions
        • •Simplifying cube roots of integers
        • •Simplifying nested square roots
        • •Simplifying radicals of monomials
        • •Higher order roots
        • •Rationalization
      • ▸Exponential growth and decay
        • •Exponential vs. linear growth
        • •Graphing exponential functions under transformations
        • •Finding exponential functions from tables, graphs, and points
        • •Exponential growth and decay
      • ▸Polynomials
        • •Difference of squares
        • •Intro to polynomials
        • •Multiplying polynomials
        • •First and second differences of quadratics
        • •Proving polynomial identities
        • •Equating coefficients
      • ▸Factoring and solving quadratics
        • •Factoring monic quadratics using algebra tiles
        • •Factoring and solving monic quadratics
        • •Factoring non-monic quadratics by factoring out the GCD
        • •Factoring quadratics with difference of squares
        • •Identifying and factoring perfect square trinomials
        • •Choosing a factoring method (level 1)
        • •Factoring non-monic quadratics using algebra tiles
        • •Factoring non-monic quadratics
        • •Choosing a factoring method (level 2)
        • •Completing the square
        • •Quadratic formula
        • •Sign of the discriminant
        • •Golden ratio
        • •Po-Shen Loh method
      • ▸Quadratic equations
        • •Solving quadratics by u-substitution
        • •Solving equations in quadratic form using u-substitution
        • •Solving quadratic equations by taking square roots
        • •Intro to vertex form for quadratics
        • •Converting quadratics between standard form and vertex form
        • •Quadratic from the vertex and a point
        • •Finding the domain and range of quadratic functions from equations
        • •First and second differences
        • •Reducing to a linear equation
      • ▸Irrational numbers
        • •Sums and products of rational and irrational numbers
     › Algebra 1 › Arithmetic series

    Explicit to recursive formula for arithmetic series

    Students will be introduced to discrete unary recursive functions. They'll start with function like the following:

    $$\begin{align} & f(0) = 0 \\ & f(x + 1) = f(x) + 2 \end{align}$$

    This is a funny way of writing \(f(x) = 2x.\) Students should also learn these functions can be expressed as piecewise functions. For example, here's another way of expressing \(f:\) $$f(x) = \begin{cases} 0 & \text{if }x = 0 \\ f(x - 1) + 2 & \text{if }x \gt 0 \end{cases}$$

    Then students will learn how to express linear functions. Finally, students will learn how to convert between the explicit formula for an arithmetic series:

    $$a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$$

    and the recursive formula:

    $$a_n = \begin{cases} a_1 & \text{if }n = 1 \\ a_{n - 1} + d & \text{if }n \gt 1 \end{cases}$$

    Khan Academy jumps right into expressing arithmetic series as piecewise functions. I think this is a mistake. The power of pattern matching is obvious from the existence of functional languages like Standard ML. The best way to approach pattern matching and recursive functions, in my opinion, is to start simple, with functions like \(f(x) = 2x,\) then graduate to more complicated functions, such as the recursive formula for arithmetic series.

    Next, give your students these challenges:

    • 2020 Math Kangaroo Levels 9-10 Problem #29 by STEM4all
    • 2020 Math Kangaroo Levels 7-8 Problem #22 by STEM4all
    • Looking at Lego by NRICH
    • 2020 AMC 8, Problem 3
    • 2014 AMC 8, Problem 9

    Conclude by leading this investigation:

    Venn Diagram Puzzles
    by MathPickle

    Lessons and practice problems